Ch 1. Chemistry Pure and Applied; Scientific Method; Measurements; Precision vs. Accuracy; Conversion Factors Ch 2. Atomic Theory Beginnings of Atomic Theory; Parts of Atomic Structure; The Bohr Model; Chemical Compounds Ch 3. Elements, Symbols, and The Periodic Table Properties; Symbols; Chemical Nomenclature; Atomic Number & Weight; Classes of Elements. Ch 4. Solids & Liquids Types of Solids; Crystalline Structure; Surfactants; Precipitation Reactions Ch 5. Gases and the Gas Laws Empirical Gas Laws; Ideal Gas Law; Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures; Gay-Lussac's Law; Kinetic Theory. Ch 6. Molarity and Concentration Types of Solutions Ch 7. Electron Configuration & Energy Levels Chemical Bonds; Electron Energy Levels; Quantum Numbers; Orbitals; Affinity; Spin Magnetism; Subshells; Ionization Energy Ch 8. Acids and Bases Arrhenius Theory; Bronsted-Lowry Theory; Types of Acid-Base Reactions; pH Scale; Precipitation Reactions; Ionization of Water; Neutralization; Buffers; Hydrolysis Ch 9. Ions and Bonding Naming Ionic Compounds; Lewis Electron-Dot Structures; Ionic Bonds; Covalent Bonds and Bond Polarity; Molecular Geometry; Molecular Orbital Theory Ch 10. Electrochemistry What is Oxidation/Reduction? Ch 11. Thermodynamics What is Standard State? Equilibrium; Enthalpy; Heats of Reaction, Vaporization and Fusion; Entropy; Reactivity; Catalysts Ch 12. Organic Chemistry Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes; Carbon; Structural Isomers; Ring Structures; Substitution Reactions Ch 13. Biochemistry Hydrocarbons; Carboxylic Acids; Phenols; Amines; Amides; Proteins; Environment Ch 14. Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity; Isotopes; Nuclear Reactions and Balance; Rate of Radioactive Decay; Gamma and Positron Emissions; Electron Capture and Energy Shift; Nuclear Bombardment;; Radiation -- Detection and Biological Effects; Nuclear medicine Final Exam Answers to Quiz and Final Exam Questions Chemistry at a Glance Periodic Table of Elements; SI Units and Conversions Author Preview Links
Takes the reader on a journey through logarithms and the harmonic series, the two defining elements of gamma, toward the first account of gamma's place in mathematics. This book shows us through countries, centuries, lives, and works, unfolding along the way the stories of some remarkable mathematics from some mathematicians.
Focusing gamma-ray telescopes, this work provides an overview of the scientific potential and technical challenges of this nascent tool for nuclear astrophysics. It also presents an overview of detectors matching the ambitious objectives of gamma ray optics, and facilities for operating such systems on the ground and in space.
Contents: Statistical Copolymers Having Aromatic Polycarbonate Structure as Compatibilizers in Ps/Pc Blends; Isobutylene Copolymerisation; Properties and Production of Polyisobutylene; the Condensation of Diethilmethylthienylsilanes with the Polycyclic Bisphenoles; Kinetic Study of Polypropylene Nanocomposite Thermal Degradation; Investigation of Physical, Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Compositions Containing Organic and Non-Organic Fillers; Inhibition of Radiation Destruction and Oxidation of Gamma Irradiated Polypropylene; Ceation of the Conducting Polymer Composites Based On Silicon with Relay Effect; Conductivity of Conducting Rubbers At Flow; Climatic Natural and Artificial Aging of Materials; Properties of Polymeric Waveguides as Information Transmission Channels; Degradation of Aliphatic-Aromatic Polyimides -- Polyalkanimides; Experimental Proof of the Cluster Model; Advances in the Field of High-Purity Reagents; Modular Technology of Hydrofluoric Acid; Bioactive Organic -- Inorganic Hybrid Materials Synthesised by Sol-Gel Method.
Aimed at students in year 9 and 11-14 phases, this work consists of focused sets of problems, with each set devoted to core ideas from the Framework but approached in a way that cultivates mathematical thinking. It is structured into a number of sections, which comes in three varieties: tasters, core, and extensions.
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a heterogeneous group of T cells that share properties of both T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Many of these cells recognize the non-polymorphic CD1d molecule, an antigen-presenting molecule that binds self and foreign lipids and glycolipids. Upon activation, NK T cells are able to produce interferon-gamma.
De oorlogsjaren vormden voor de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen een periode zonder het predicaat ‘Koninklijk’. De Tweede Wereldoorlog was geen periode van stilstand, niet voor de Nederlandse wetenschapsbeoefening en niet voor Akademie.Door in deze bundel een langere periode in beschouwing te nemen – 1930 tot 1960 – is het mogelijk de bewegingen van wetenschap en Akademie dwars door de oorlogsjaren heen te volgen. Door deze vernieuwende benadering worden de oorlogsjaren niet zozeer beschreven vanuit een bezettingsperspectief, maar worden ze beschouwd in termen van voortgaande wetenschapsbeoefening. P.J. Knegtmans maakt de spanningen voelbaar van de periode dat de Akademie spitsroeden moest lopen bij het ontbreken van de ‘royale’ bescherming. Opmerkelijk zijn ook de bevindingen over de zuivering na de oorlog. Ronduit dramatisch is de ontwikkeling te noemen, die door G. Alberts wordt geschetst. Hoewel de naoorlogse vernieuwingen zich al in het interbellum hadden aangekondigd, zette de Akademie zich voor die vernieuwingen volstrekt op het verkeerde been. Radicaal waren de moderniseringen in de wetenschapsbeoefening in de bèta, gamma- en alfawetenschappen. In exemplarische verhalen maken H.G. van Bueren, L. Laeyendecker en H. Pleij ons deelgenoot van de naoorlogse verschuivingen in stijl en machtsverhouding. Het meest veranderden de machtsverhoudingen voor de KNAW. Kon ze in 1938 nog dromen haar gedistingeerde positie te handhaven met onderscheidende kledij, in 1945 was ze gewoon een club naast andere verenigingen geworden.
De onderzoeksscriptie ‘Shibboleth aan de poort’ behelst een interdisciplinair onderzoek naar de taalanalyse als middel herkomstbepaling, waarbij de opzet en uitvoering van het onderzoeksinstrument vanuit wetenschappelijke disciplines als de sociolinguïstiek, etnografie, antropologie, Arabische dialectologie en methodologie op validiteit en betrouwbaardheid wordt getoetst. Hierbij is gekozen voor een tweeledige benadering, waarbij de eerste twee hoofdstukken zijn gewijd aan het theoretische kader van de taalanalyse en aan het object van de analyse, zijnde de taal en taligheid. De overige drie hoofdstukken zijn toegespitst op de praktijksituatie waarbij de casus van een Soedanese Arabischtalige asielzoeker met vermeende Nuba-herkomst als uitgangspunt is genomen.Vanuit de observatie dat in de discussie omtrent de wetenschappelijkheid van de taalanalyse de afgelopen jaren van de zijde van rechtshulpverleners kritiek is geleverd op het overmatige gebruik van vakjargon door linguïsten, is in deze onderzoeksscriptie een poging ondernomen om de toegankelijkheid van het onderwerp voor leken te waarborgen door aan de hand van illustraties en voor niet-linguïsten verstaanbare omschrijvingen de vaktermen in kwestie inhoudelijk toe te lichten.Met deze onderzoeksscriptie heeft de auteur willen aantonen dat niet alleen de door de beta- en gamma-studies verrichte onderzoeken een directe bijdrage aan de maatschappij kunnen leveren en dat het onderzoek dat verricht wordt door wetenschappers en studenten in de alfawetenschappen wel degelijk de samenleving kunnen verrijken en bijstaan.
Gamma-ray bursts are the brightest - and, until recently, among the least understood - cosmic events in the universe. This title offers an overview of gamma-ray bursts and the theoretical framework that physicists have developed to make sense of complex observations across the electromagnetic spectrum.
Contents: Phase Formation and Texture Development in Ag-Sheathed Bi,Pb(2223) Tapes; Microstructural Dynamics in Bi-2223/Ag Tapes; Phase-Relations in System Bi203-PbO-SrO-CaO-CuO; Highly Reactive (Bi,Pb)-2223 Precursor Powder Via Process Tuning; Effect of Flux Creep on Transport Property of Bi-Based Compound; Effect of Gamma Irradiation on BSCCO Superconductors.
Without qualification, cosmic rays usually mean the primary cosmic rays of extra-terrestrial origin that continually bombard the earth and consist mostly of high-energy protons, about 9 percent helium and heavier nuclei, a small percentage of electrons, and some gamma rays. This volume presents research on cosmic rays.
Covers the basic material of complex analysis and topics such as Riemann Mapping Theorem, the gamma function, and analytic continuation. This book includes various examples and exercises as well as an extended bibliography.
Aims to present some results in the field of generation and annealing of radiation defects in MOS structures. This work reviews radiation defects produced by ion implantation or another high energy irradiation (in particular, gamma or MeV electrons).
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous and violent explosions detectable out to the edge of the observable Universe. As soon as their cosmological origin was established, it became apparent that GRBs can serve as powerful probes of the high-redshift Universe. The association of long GRBs with the deaths of massive stars imply that they trace the sites and history of massive star formation. Their optical and near-infrared afterglows reveal spectral imprints of their environments, including the interstellar medium of their host galaxies as well as the intergalactic medium during cosmic reionization. With the Swift Observatory in orbit, such expectations are now being materialized. With GRB 050904, we found that the Universe was already largely ionized at z=6.3. The discovery of GRB 090423 at z~8.2, the most distant astrophysical object known to date, clearly demonstrates that in the coming years, GRBs will offer us an unprecedented view into the mysterious era of cosmic reionization and the formation of the first stars and galaxies.And yet, our knowledge concerning the GRBs themselves remain appallingly meager, such as their progenitors, their true energetics, the mechanisms of jet formation, particle acceleration and prompt emission, etc. The aim of this conference is to discuss the latest observational and theoretical developments in this exciting field of GRBs, with a strong emphasis on their use as probes of the high redshift universe. Non-GRB studies of the high redshift Universe, involving e.g. supernovae, galaxies, quasars and background radiation, are also essential elements of this conference.
Contents List of principal contributors List of chairpersons Preface SECTION I: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE VILLAIN.- 1 Colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: influence of nutritional.- 2 Inflammatory bowel disease high-risk groups.- SECTION II: NOT ALL COLORECTAL CANCERS ARE THE SAME.- 3 Getting familiar with familial colon cancer.- 4 The adenomatous polyposis coli tumour-suppressor protein in normal gut tissue maintenance and cancer.- 5 Mismatch repair competency predicts 5-fluorouracil effectiveness on patient survival.- 6 Inflammatory bowel disease-related cancer -- just the same as sporadic? -- Pro.- 7 Differences between sporadic and colitis-associated colorectal cancer.- SECTION III: SCREENING AND SURVEILLANCE.- 8 Endoscopic guidelines for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis, inflammatory bowel disease and sporadic colorectal cancer.- 9 Which new techniques will replace classical surveillance?.- 10 How to deal with dysplasia and adenomatous polyps in inflammatory bowel disease.- SECTION IV: TAKING DYSPLASIA TO THE MOLECULAR LEVEL.- 11 Inflammation-driven carcinogenesis: the players.- 12 Cancer originating from bone marrow stems cells: can we extrapolate from gastritis to colitis?.- 13 Translating laboratory findings into clinics: of mice and man.- SECTION V: HOW CAN WE PREVENT?.- 14 Inner and outer environment.- 15 Can we prevent inflammatory bowel disease-related colorectal cancer with 5-aminosalicylic acid, azathioprine, or 6-mercaptopurine? The clinical evidence.- 16 How can we prevent colorectal cancer with ursodeoxycholic acid?.- SECTION VI: MOLECULAR ACTIONS OF 5-ASA -- THE MAGIC BULLETT.- 17 5-Aminosalicylic acid and replication fidelity.- 18 New mechanisms of action of 5-aminosalicylic acid: PPAR-gamma: how it decreases inflammation and cancer.- 19 Mesalazine and the prevention of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease.- 20 Mesalazine and cell cycle progression.- 21 Chemopreventive role of mesalazine in inflammatory bowel disease-
A comprehensive reference for neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists using Gamma Knife and Linear Accelerator technology. This title includes chapters each containing specific case presentations representative of the commonly treated conditions, including applications for spinal disorders.
The authors discuss the results of the above comprehensive analysis of the statistical features of the fracture of polymers and other solids under separate and combined action of various external factors (temperature, mechanical stresses, surface-active media, UV irradiation, gamma-irradiation, chemical additives and admixtures, thermal modification, and orientational strengthening, etc.). This analysis makes it possible to assess the dynamics and conditions providing the development of strength and lifetime levels.
Gamma-ray bursts are the brightest - and, until recently, among the least understood - cosmic events in the universe. This title offers an overview of gamma-ray bursts and the theoretical framework that physicists have developed to make sense of complex observations across the electromagnetic spectrum.
Among the myriad of constants that appear in mathematics, p, e, and i are the most familiar. Following closely behind is g, or gamma, a constant that maintains a sense of mystery. This book takes on a journey through logarithms and the harmonic series, the two defining elements of gamma, toward the first account of gamma's place in mathematics.
Many kinds of radiation exist in the universe, including photons and particles with a wide range of energies. Some of the radiation is produced in stars and galaxies, and some is cosmological background radiation, a relic from the history of cosmic evolution. Among all this radiation, the most energetic are cosmic ray particles: nucleons, nuclei, and even extremely energetic gamma rays. There are some observational facts about cosmic rays to give suggestions on their origin. The most important one among them is that the energy spectrum of high energy cosmic rays above 10 GeV (where the magnetic field of the sun is no longer a concern) is well represented by a power law form. This indicates cosmic ray particles are products of non-thermal processes. Their energy extends over more than 13 decades from 107 eV up to 1020 eV. In terms of its structure, the spectrum can be divided into three regions: two 'knees' and one 'ankle'. The first 'knee' appears around 3 1015 eV where the spectral power law index changes from -2.7 to -3.0. The second 'knee' is somewhere between 1017 eV and 1018 eV where the spectral slope changes from -3.0 to around -3.3.The 'ankle' is seen at or after 3 1018 eV. Above that energy the spectral slope is around -2.7, but with a large uncertainty because of poor statistics and resolution. This book deals with the final and most energetic population, the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs).
The principle of tomography is to explore the structure and composition of objects non-destructively along spatial and temporal dimensions, using penetrating radiation, such as X- and gamma-rays, or waves, such as electromagnetic and acoustic waves.
A collection of invited talks, oral contributions and poster contributions devoted to advances in gamma-ray spectroscopy of various capture reactions. Among the other topics covered are: fundamental physics; nuclear data; the practical application of capture reactions; and more.
This is a handbook of Gamma-convergence, which is a theoretical tool used to study problems in Applied Mathematics where varying parameters are present, with many applications that range from Mechanics to Computer Vision. The book is directed to Applied Mathematicians in all fields and to Engineers with a theoretical background.
We kunnen niet zonder zenuwen leven. Een zekere nervositeit is er altijd, en dat is maar goed, want anders zouden we aan de spanning van het ogenblik weinig genoegen beleven. Of, korter gezegd: het leven zou saai en kleurloos worden. Maar teveel is nooit goed. Velen van ons leven in een nooit aflatend ijltempo, steeds gejaagd, al in een nooit a tijd onder druk en bijna overspannen. Dat wreekt zich soms in onmiskenbare psychische stoornissen. Soms ook in de verraderlijke lichamelijke gevolgen: hoofdpijn, prikkelbaarheid, maagaandoeningen, slapeloosheid en een bont geschakeerd gamma van allerlei ziekten. En dan spreken we niet eens over al de nodeloze wrijvingen en ruzies op het werk en thuis. Verraderlijk zijn deze verschijnselen omdat de patiënt vrijwel nooit de oorzaak ervan in zijn 'zenuwen' zoekt. 'Blijf je zenuwen de baas' is niet een wijze raad die je desnoods naast je kunt neerleggen; het is een primaire noodzaak. Alvarez heeft in zijn 53jarige praktijk tienduizenden geholpen, en vaak verdween een hardnekkige, jaren oude kwaal als bij toverslag wanneer hij de oorzaak ervan had aangewezen. Dit nuttige boek is geen grauwe gewezen. Het zit vol wijze raad, gegeven aan de hand van gevallen die werkelijk zijn voorgekomen. Dit maakt het levensecht en praktisch.
Presents a summary of the author's twenty five years of experience in telescope design. This work provides a general introduction to various aspects of telescope design. It discusses the theory behind telescope design. It covers Radio, Infrared, Optical, X-Ray and Gamma-Ray wavelengths.
Kwalitatieve analyse is nauwelijks nog voor te stellen zonder hulp van een softwareprogramma. Een goed inzicht in de mogelijkheden van een kwalitatief softwareprogramma helpt om tijd vrij te maken voor de analyse zelf. In dit boek wordt een inleiding gegeven tot het softwareprogramma NVivo, een van de meest gebruikte programma's in het Nederlandstalige gebied. Het is een veelzijdig programma met een uitgebreid gamma aan toegankelijke analyse-instrumenten die heel flexibel in de diversiteit aan kwalitatieve analysebenaderingen ingezet kan worden. NVivo wordt in dit boek benaderd vanuit een onderzoeksperspectief. Het boek benaderd vanuit een onderzoekersperspectief. Het boek wil meer zijn dan een knoppencursus en vanuit de praktijk ingaan op de mogelijkheden van NVivo Om die reden wordt steeds vertrokken van de theorie van de kwalitatieve analyse om nadien te tonen hoe die theorie in NVivo is uitgewerkt. We gaan in op basisvaardigheden zoals het beheren van gegevens, het werken met memo's en het coderen van kwalitatieve data. Daarbij behandelen we zowel tekstuele gegevens (interviews en focusgroepen) als audiovisueel materiaal (geluid, video, beelden). Na de basis komen ook meer gevorderde analyse-instrumenten als queries, matrices en modellen aan bod. Kwalitatieve analyse met NVivo is bedoeld voor iedereen die een kwalitatieve analyse uitvoert en hiervoor NVivo gebruikt. Zowel de beginnende onderzoeker als de meer gevorderde analist ontdekken al doende de geheimen van dit softwarepakket.
Dit boek richt zich zowel tot beginnende taalleerkrach- ten als tot ervaren taalleerkrachten met belangstelling voor onderwijsvernieuwing en eigenlijk tot iedereen met interesse in tweedetaalverwerving en vreemdeta- lenonderwijs. Het stelt een brede waaier van stellingen en gewoontes van taallesgevers in vraag en pleit voor een beter geïnformeerde en doordachte taaldidactiek, geënt op wetenschappelijk onderzoek.Heeft het zin om kennis van grammaticaregels te toet- sen? Presenteer je woordenschat best in thematische sets? Doe je er goed aan je leerlingen te waarschuwen voor valse vrienden en andere verwarrende gevallen? Hoe reageer je best op fouten? Waartoe dient luidop lezen? Wat is een goede taalvaardigheidstoets? Deze en ettelijke andere kwesties waarover veel taalleer- krachten een uitgesproken mening hebben, worden in dit boekje aangepakt.De genuanceerde antwoorden die worden aangebo- den zijn gebaseerd op een rijk gamma aan onder- zoeksbevindigen, die hier op een heel toegankelijke manier worden samengevat. Kortom, dit boekje nodigt uit tot reflectie en overleg over een eigentijds vreemde- talenonderwijs.FRANK BOERS was ruim twintig jaar leraar Engels als vreemde taal, met onderwijservaring in verschillende secties van het secundair onderwijs, diverse instellingen van het hoger onderwijs, en het volwassenen- onderwijs in België. Hij was ook gedurende zeven jaar docent taaldidactiek aan de lerarenopleiding van de Universiteit Antwerpen.Sinds 2010 is hij hoogleraar aan de Victoria University of Wellington, in Nieuw-Zeeland, waar hij onder meer cursussen over tweedetaalverwerving doceert.
Features the proceedings from a conference held in Cefalu, Italy, in June 2006. This title starts with a discussion of gamma ray bursts, then examines magnetar candidates, and finally explores the properties of supernovae.
Now in its fourth edition, the first part of this book is devoted to the basic material of complex analysis, while the second covers many special topics, such as the Riemann Mapping Theorem, the gamma function, and analytic continuation. Power series methods are used more systematically than is found in other texts, and the resulting proofs often shed more light on the results than the standard proofs. While the first part is suitable for an introductory course at undergraduate level, the additional topics covered in the second part give the instructor of a gradute course a great deal of flexibility in structuring a more advanced course.
The first book entirely dedicated to the topic emphasizes the relation between basic research and actual processing technologies. As such, it covers complex microstructures down to the nanometer scale, structure/property relationships and potential applications in key industries.
Roberta Edwards Lenkeit is currently professor of anthropology at Modesto Junior College, Modesto, California where she has taught since 1976. She earned both her undergraduate and graduate degrees from the University of California at Santa Barbara where, as a teaching assistant, she first learned how fun it was to share anthropology with introductory level students. After graduation, she spent four years as a full time instructor at the College of Marin in Kentfield, California. She also taught as an adjunct faculty member for two years at Mount Royal College in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. She is the recipient of many awards of recognition for outstanding teaching by the campus chapter of Alpha Gamma Sigma. Her special interests include comparative kinship, religion, applied anthropology, hominid evolution, lithic tool technology, and Upper Paleolithic cave art. She has done fieldwork in Spain, the Cook Islands, and French Polynesia. For relaxation Roberta gardens and raises banty hens. She is the author of Introducing Cultural Anthropology (2001, Mayfield Publishing).
Presents properties, applications and health aspects of radon. This book includes spatial and temporal variations of soil-radon activity in fault zones; beta and gamma dose assessment due to radon short lived progeny; adverse health effects of radon; geological applications of radon anomalies in groundwater and soil-gas; and, more.
Structure and Dynamics of Exotic Nuclei; Structure and Synthesis Mechanism of Superheavy Nuclei; Nuclear Shell Model; Nuclear Astrophysics; Wobbling Rotation in Atomic Nuclei; In-Beam Gamma Spectroscopy; Nuclear Dynamics in the Continuum.
In dit boek wordt beschreven voor welke dilemma's de nouveau riche komt te staan, waarna tips van Pels en Pijffers volgen, ge´llustreerd met cartoons.Frank Pels is copywriter en was de tweede 'P' van het roemruchte reclamebureau PPGH/JWT. Enkele van zijn slogans: 'Dat zeg ik, Gamma.' 'Jazeker, de Hypotheker.' Daarnaast publiceert hij al 20 jaar strips in Adformatie onder de titel 'De Opportunisten.' Willem Pijffers studeerde Nederlands en medicijnen. Hij is copywriter/directeur van Healthcare reclamebureau Broca & Wernicke. Daarnaast schreef hij columns in NRC/Handelsblad over reclame en voorlichting. Hij publiceerde zes boeken over reclame, trends en lifestyle.
In dit boek wordt beschreven voor welke dilemma.s de verwarde midlifer komt te staan, waarna tips van Pels en Pijffers volgen, ge´llustreerd met cartoons.Frank Pels is copywriter en was de tweede .P. van het roemruchte reclamebureau PPGH/JWT. Enkele van zijn slogans: 'Dat zeg ik, Gamma.' en 'Jazeker, de Hypotheker'. Daarnaast publiceert hij al 20 jaar strips in Adformatie onder de titel De Opportunisten. Willem Pijffers studeerde Nederlands en medicijnen. Hij is copywriter/directeur van Healthcare reclamebureau Broca & Wernicke. Daarnaast schreef hij columns in NRC/Handelsblad over reclame en voorlichting. Hij publiceerde zes boeken over reclame, trends en lifestyle.
Vanaf 1918 bedacht Le Corbusier, naast architect ook schilder, samen met de schilder AmÚdÚe Ozenfant, het purisme. De eerste voortbrengselen daarvan waren schilderijen. Hun bespiegelingen over de relatie tussen vorm en kleur op schilderkunstig gebied leidde tot de vaststelling van het zogenaamde grote gamma: gele en rode okers, aardkleuren, wit, zwart, ultramarijn en enige daarvan afgeleide mengkleuren. Met 'de architectonische kleur' doelde Le Corbusier (1887-1965) op de innige band tussen dit gamma en de architectuur.Het boek is het relaas over een niet onbelangrijk aspect van het werk van Le Corbusier. Het gaat over de wijze waarop hij aan het begin van de jaren twintig kwam tot een eigenzinnige benadering van de architectonische polychromie. Zijn jeugdwerken waren nog gebouwd in een traditionele stijl, gebruikmakend van lokale bouwmethoden en materialen en voorzien van door hemzelf ontwikkelde ornamentiek. Met zijn puristische architectuur, waarvan hij de beginselen vanaf 1920 formuleerde en die in zijn architectuur tot 1927 tot uitdrukking komen, voer hij een rigoureuze andere koers. De gebouwen werden opgetrokken in gewapend beton, afgewerkt met een pleisterlaag en vervolgens geheel geschilderd. De kleuren voor het schilderwerk waren ontleend aan bovengenoemd grote gamma, de architectonische kleuren. In de jaren vijftig gaf Le Corbusier de natuurlijke polychromie, de kleur van het materiaal, voorrang boven de geschilderde polychromie. Was de polychrome schildering in de puristische architectuur een onvermijdelijke en totale bewerking, na de Tweede Wereldoorlog kreeg ze een bescheiden plaats als ornament.
The Financial Times Guide to Options, will introduce you to the instruments and markets of options, giving you the confidence to trade successfully. Options are explained in real-life terminology, using every-day examples and accessible language. Introducing three key options markets stocks, bonds and commodities, the book explains options contracts from straight vanilla options to strangles and butterflies and covers the fundamentals of options pricing and trading Originally published as Options Plain and Simple , this new edition includes: * How the options industry operates and how basic strategies have evolved * Risk management and how to trade safely * Inclusion of new products such as exchange traded funds * A glossary of key words and further reading * Addition of market scenarios and examples Like all investment strategies, options offer potential return while incurring potential risk. The advantage of options trading is that risk can be managed to a greater degree than with outright buying or selling. The Financial Times Guide to Options is a straightforward and practical introduction to the fundamentals of options.It includes only what is essential to basic understanding and presents options theory in conventional terms, with a minimum of jargon. This thorough guide will give you a basis from which to trade most of the options listed on most of the major exchanges. The Financial Times Guide to Options includes: * Options in everyday life * The basics of calls * The basics of puts * Pricing and behaviour * Volatility and pricing models * The Greeks and risk assessment: delta * Gamma and theta * Vega * Call spreads and put spreads, or one by one directional spreads * One by two directional spreads * Combos and hybrid spreads for market direction * Volatility spreads * Combining straddles and strangles for reduced risk * Combining call spreads and put spreads * The covered write, the calendar spread and the diagonal spread * The interaction of the Greeks * Options performance based on cost * Trouble sh
Astronomy Methods is an introduction to the basic practical tools, methods and phenomena that underlie quantitative astronomy. Taking a technical approach, the author covers a rich diversity of topics across all branches of astronomy, from radio to gamma-ray wavelengths. Topics include the quantitative aspects of the electromagnetic spectrum, atmospheric and interstellar absorption, telescopes in all wavebands, interferometry, adaptive optics, the transport of radiation through matter to form spectral lines, and neutrino and gravitational-wave astronomy. Clear, systematic presentations of the topics are accompanied by diagrams and problem sets. Written for undergraduates and graduate students, this book contains a wealth of information that is required for the practice and study of quantitative and analytical astronomy and astrophysics.
In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because
Nuclear power plants emit radiation and particles across a range of energies. This radiation can cause corrosion to occur in critically important parts of the plant, which can lead to efficiency and safety problems. Gamma rays and neutrons have the highest energies and can break the metal bonds in interior metallic structures causing damage quickly and in easily monitored ways. Consequently these types of radiation and the best alloys to use to mitigate their effects have been extensively researched and their findings applied. However, the same is not true of low energy radiation which effects metal structures in a different way but can still cause appreciable and expensive corrosion. Low energy radiation degrades the passive oxide layers that protect metals. Without this protective layer the metals are easily corroded. This book uses tritium and tritiated water as models to describe the effects of low energy radiation on the corrosion of metals in these environments. Comprehensive coverage of the fields of liquid and gas flow, heat exchange, gas diffusion in materials, and of materials resistance to corrosion is ensures the reader has a full understanding of how these processes effect corrosion in nuclear installations. Such an understanding is essential for the efficient and safe running of all modern plant that uses radioactive material and this book is a critical reference tool for anyone involved in the nuclear power industry or metals research.* Unique coverage of low energy radiation and its corrosive effects in nuclear installations * Provides coverage of basic scientific principles contributing to corrosion * An essential reference for the safe and efficient construction and operation of nuclear installations * Applications in power generation, fuel reprocessing, military and civilian applications.* The first book to present detailed analysis of nuclear corrosion by low energy nuclides* The most complete book available for those serious about understanding corrosion in all its aspects* Keeping you at pac
In the last two decades, cosmology, particle physics, high energy astrophysics and gravitational physics have become increasingly interwoven. The intense activity taking place at the intersection of these disciplines is constantly progressing, with the advent of major cosmic ray, neutrino, gamma ray and gravitational wave observatories for studying cosmic sources, along with the construction of particle physics experiments using beams and signals of cosmic origin. This book provides an up-to-date overview of the recent advances and potential future developments in this area, discussing both the main theoretical ideas and experimental results. It conveys the challenges but also the excitement associated with this field. Written in a concise yet accessible style, explaining technical details with examples drawn from everyday life, it will be suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as other readers interested in the subject. Colour versions of a selection of the figures are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521517003.
This new edited volume features contributions from many of the leading scientists in probability and statistics from the latter part of the 20th century. It is the only book to assemble the views of these leading scientists--the pioneers in their respective fields. Stochastic Musings features contributions by: *Sir David Cox on statistics and econometrics; *C.R. Rao, M.B. Rao, and D.N. Shanbhag on convex sets of multivariate distributions and their extreme points; *Bradley Efron on the future of statistics; *David Freedman on regression association and causation; *Vic Barnett on sample ordering for effective statistical inference with particular reference to environmental issues; *David Bartholomew on a unified statistical approach to some measurement problems in the social sciences; *Joe Gani on scanning a lattice for a particular pattern; *Leslie Kish on new paradigms for probability sampling (his last paper); *Samuel Kotz and Norman L. Johnson on limit distributions of uncorrelated but dependent distributions on the unit square; *Samuel Kotz and Saralees Nadarajah on some new elliptical distributions; *Jef Teugels on the life span of a renewal; *Wolfgang Urfer and Katharina Emrich on maximum likelihood estimates of genetic effects; and **Vladimir M. Zolotarev on convergence rate estimates in functional limit theorems. The volume also includes the following contributions by faculty members of the Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business: *J. Panaretos, E. Xekalaki, and S. Psarakis on a predictive model evaluation and selection approach--the correlated gamma ratio distribution; *J. Panaretos and Z. Tsourti on extreme value index estimators and smoothing alternatives; *E. Xekalaki and D. Karlis on mixtures everywhere; and * Ir. Moustaki on latent variable models with covariates. Stochastic Musings will appeal to researchers, professionals, and students interested in the history and development of statistics and probability as well as in related areas, such as physics, biometry,
Supernovae and gamma-ray bursts are the strongest explosions in the Universe. Recent observations have shown that rather than being symmetrical, they are driven by strong jets of energy and other asymmetrical effects that reveal previously unknown physical properties. These observations have demanded new theories and computations that challenge the biggest computers. This volume marks the transition to a new paradigm in the study of stellar explosions. It highlights the burgeoning era of routine supernova polarimetry and the new insights into core collapse and thermonuclear explosions. With chapters by leading scientists, the book summarises the status of a rapidly developing new perspective on stellar explosions. It is a valuable resource for graduate students and research scientists.
